Wi-Fi Technology is allows to connect with your LAN network without wire over Mobile, Laptop with seamless Roaming without any wire connectivity. It is LAN technology which is used to connect Home, Campus, Building and Corporate network. WiFi Standards like 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/ax, Wifi-6 and Frequencies like 2.4 Ghz vs 5 Ghz is core part of wireless technology. here we will discuss about their revolution and lifecycle. Welcome to Kbrosis, Here we will share our knowledge and experience and understand the Wi-Fi Technology and How Wi-Fi Works. How Wi-Fi network Design and implemented. What is WLC, Access Point in simple ways because our motive is to “Simplify the Technology”.
What is Wireless Frequencies
Wireless frequencies refer to the range of radio frequencies used for wireless communication and data transmission between wireless devices. It used for various purposes, including radio, television, cellular communication, and Wi-Fi, for Cellular or mobile communication there are licenced frequencies, but in IT networking Wireless there are un-licensed frequencies which are commonly categorized into two main bands:
2.4 Ghz & 5Ghz
Unlicensed Frequencies
2.4 Ghz
- Used by the 802.11, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n IEEE standards,
- channels 1, 6, and 11 are most commonly used because they do not overlap
- The 2.4-GHz range uses direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) modulation
- Data rates of 1 Mbps, 2 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps and 11 Mbps are defined for this range
5 Ghz
- The 5-GHz range is used by the 802.11a standard and the new 802.11n draft standard
- In the 802.11a standard, data rates can range from 6 Mbps to 54 Mbps.
- The 5-GHz range is also subdivided into channels, each being 20-MHz wide. A total of 23 non-overlapping channels exist in the 5-GHz range
- The 5-GHz ranges use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
- Data rates of 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbps are defined.
What is Wi-Fi Standards
Wi-Fi standards are developed and maintained by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) under the 802.11 family of protocols. These standards are a set of technical specifications that define how wireless devices communicate and interact with each other over Wi-Fi networks. These standard defines several features of wireless communication, such as data transfer rates, frequency bands, channel widths, and security features.
802.11
- Ratified : 1997
- RF Technology : OFDM
- Frequency Spectrum : 4 GHz
- Modulation : QPSK
- Data rates : 2 Mbps
- Non overlapping Channels : 1,6,11
802.11 a
- Ratified : 1999
- RF Technology : OFDM
- Frequency Spectrum : 5.0 GHz
- Coding : Convolution Coding
- Modulation : BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM depending on the subcarrier.
- Data Rates : 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 Mbps with OFDM
- Non overlapping Channels : Each band has a 4; the middle 8 are used with 52 sub- carriers on each channel.
- Bandwidth : 20 MHz
802.11 b
- Ratified : 1999
- RF Technology : DSSS
- Frequency Spectrum : 2.4 GHz
- Coding : Barker 11 and CCK
- Modulation : DBPSK and DQPSK
- Data Rates : 1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps
- Non overlapping Channels : 1,6,11
- Bandwidth : 20 MHz
802.11-g
- Ratified : 2003
- RF Technology : DSSS & OFDM
- Frequency Spectrum : 2.4 GHz
- Coding : Barker 11 and CCK
- Modulation : DBPSK and DQPSK
- Data Rates : 1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps with DSSS 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 Mbps with OFDM
- Non-overlapping Channels : 1,6,11
- Bandwidth : 20 MHz
802.11-n
- Ratified : 2009
- RF Technology : DSSS & OFDM
- Frequency Spectrum : 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz
- Coding : Barker 11 and CCK
- Modulation : 256-QAM
- Data Rates : 54 Mbps, MIMO, Max 600 Mbps
- Non-overlapping Channels : 1,6,11 & with 5GHz spectrum uses 24 non-overlapping channels divided in four different sections
- Bandwidth : 20 MHz / 40 MHz
802.11-ac
- Ratified : 2014
- RF Technology : DSSS & OFDM
- Frequency Spectrum : 5 GHz
- Modulation : 256-QAM
- Data Rates : up-to 1300 Mbps
- Bandwidth : 20 /40/60/160 MHz
802.11-ax (Wi-Fi 6)
- Ratified : 2019
- RF Technology : OFDMA, MU-MIMO
- Frequency Spectrum : 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz
- Modulation : 1024-QAM
- Data Rates : up-to 10 Gbps
- Bandwidth : 20 /40/60/160 MHz
Also read this: https://techblog.kbrosistechnologies.com/what-is-wi-fi-technology-best/
| Column1 | 802.11 | 802.11a | 802.11b | 802.11g | 802.11n | 802.11ac | 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) |
| Ratified | 1997 | 1999 | 1999 | 2003 | 2009 | 2014 | 2019 |
| RF Technology/ Transmission |
IR, FHSS, DSSS | OFDM | DSSS | DSSS & OFDM | DSSS & OFDM | DSSS & OFDM | OFDMA, MU-MIMO |
| Frequency Spectrum | 2.4 GHz | 5 GHz | 2.4 GHz | 2.4 GHz | 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz | 5 GHz | 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz |
| Coding | Convolution Coding | Barker 11 and CCK | Barker 11 and CCK | Barker 11 and CCK | |||
| Modulation | QPSK | BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM depending on the sub-carrier | DBPSK and DQPSK | DBPSK and DQPSK | 256-QAM | 256-QAM | 1024-QAM |
| Data Rates | 1, 2 Mbps | 1,2, 5.5,11 and 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 with OFDM | 1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps | 1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps with DSSS 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 Mbps with OFDM | up-to 54 Mbps, MIMO, Max 600 Mbps | up-to 1300 Mbps | up-to 10 Gbps |
| Bandwidth | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz / 40 MHz | 20 /40/60/160 MHz | 20 /40/60/160 MHz |
| No. of Non-Overlapping Channel | 3 | up-to 23 | 3 | 3 | 1,6,11 & with 5GHz spectrum uses 24 non-overlapping channels divided in four different sections | Varies | Varies |
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FAQ
Q. What is Wireless Technology?
A. It is the same as LAN network, but it allows user to access their Internet and Intranet without any Wire connection and from anywhere with hand free.
Q. What is a wireless access point?
A. A wireless access point (AP) is wireless network devices which allows wireless devices to connect to the wireless network.
Q. What is SSID?
A. SSID stand for Service Set Identifier (SSID), So on an AP, the SSID is a combination of MAC address and network name. In simple way “This is your wireless network name which you found on your laptop or mobile to connect with Wi-Fi”.
Q. What is WLC?
A. WLC stand for Wireless LAN Controller, it is a controller which manage Access points configuration, User management and wireless reporting centrally.
Q: What all WIFI standards?
A: WiFi standards are 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax
