GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Networks)is a fiber optic technology that allows a higher speed data transmission on single fiber. It is WAN technology which is used to connect Home, Campus, Building via fibre to provide Voice, Video and Data. So Welcome to Kbrosis, Here we will share our knowledge and experience and understand the Gigabit Passive Optical Network Technology and How it Works? How GPON Design and implemented? What is OLT, ONT in simple ways because our motive is to “Simplify the Technology”.
What is PON Technology
PON (Passive Optical Network) is a typical passive optical fibre network and does not contain any electronic devices and electronic power supplies. A Passive Optical Network (PON) is a Point-to-Multipoint Fibre to the premises network architecture in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises.
Type of PON
PON are majorly known with: EPON & GPON
Difference Between EPON vs GPON
EPON: EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) uses 1 gigabit per second upstream and downstream rates. It is a Ethernet over PONs which are point to multipoint to the premises (FTTP) or FTTH architecture in which single optical fiber is used to serve multiple premises or users.
PON Technologies
Different FTTx Technologies are :
- FTTC: Fiber-to-the-curb
- FTTC: Fiber-to-the home
- FTTB: Fiber-to-the-Building
- FTTC: Fiber-to-the-Cell Tower
What is GPON Technology
GPON stands for Gigabit Passive Optical Networks and It is a successor of ATM PON(155/155Mbps)and Broadband PON(622/155Mbps) Technology. It is a International Standards Based Protocol ITU-T G.984.x and G.988 specified protocol developed by FSAN (Full Service Access Network) and interoperability by Broadband Forum (BBF). Bandwidth Supported up to 2.5Gbps Downstream and 1.25Gbps Upstream
It is extremely useful today in delivering triple-play services (Data, IPTV, VoIP) at higher data rates, larger bandwidth and longer distances in a secure manner. It also supports all kinds of Ethernet protocols. A GPON fiber network can reach distances up to 20 km.
GPON splitter receives the optical signal and splits it into multiple signals, up to 64. This is what enables point-to-multipoint access, thus enabling up to 64 fiber connections.
Why GPON used
- Very high speed data up to 2.5 Gbps to Home and Businesses
- Low cost due to fiber and CO interface shared by 128 customers
- Multiple applications including Data (IP), Video (IPTV, CATV) and Voice (POTS/IP)
- Carrier class Quality of Service (QoS)
- Long reach up to 20Km and up to 60Km using PON Extender
- Plug and Play implementation of services
- Simplified network management
- Outside Plant (OSP) lifetime > 50 yrs
- No active elements in the field – No powering, No truck rolls
- Maintenance cost reduction (OPEX) due to no electronics between CO and customers
GPON vs Carrier Ethernet
GPON
- No Powered Equipment in Data room.
- Fewer transceivers for optical to the desktop
- No Active Device involved, so no power failure issues.
Carrier Ethernet
- Powered Equipment in Data room.
- More transceivers for optical to the desktop
- More powered or active devices, so network can be down if Power failure
GPON Components
Optical Line Terminal:
The OLT or Optical Line Terminal send and receive video, data and voice optical signals to and from the ONT at the receiver’s end. OLT sends downstream optical signals at 1550 nm for video and 1490 nm for voice and data, whereas it receives upstream optical signals at 1310 nm.. The GPON OLT installed at a data center and its works as ISP. It is an Active device and required power to powered on.
Optical Fibre Splitters
The optical fiber splitters is a passive component. Its Splits a single fiber optic cable into multiple which is coming from OLT and connect to individual Optical Network Terminals at end user premises. Fiber Splitters works on Ratios of 1:64, 1:32, 1:16, 1:8, 1:4 which is depending upon the number of outputs required.
Optical Network Terminal or ONU (Optical Network Unit)
ONT or Optical Network Terminal or Optical Network Unit (ONU) is an Active component which required DC power to power on. ONT is the device which is installed at user end. ONT is the device which is provide Wifi, TV, and Landline service to end user and communicate back to OLT.
Optical Distribution Frame (ODF)
ODF is a passive Rack which is installed in field / outdoor area where connection from OLT terminates and then further distribute till ONTs via fiber splitters. ODF contains a fiber trays which is called Fiber Distribution management System ( FDMS).
FDMS– fiber Distribution Management system
FDMS is the system where all fibers connections are distributed and Managed. Generally FDMS is multiple Fiber Trays or kind of Splitters where contains all fiber coming from OLT. Then Splice and Distributed to different ONT location. Also it is used to Manage the Fiber distribution to troubleshoot the fiber issues.
How GPON Design and Implemented
GPON design and implementation is depend on the requirement and architecture.
In most of the cases GPON adopt Ring or star topology and Laying of fiber either underground or overhead.
Once design and solution finalized then GPON implantation takes place. Below are the some important process which is followed in GPON implantation for Underground fiber Laying.
Survey: Needs to perform / Conduct a route survey. It is very important to do a accurate and correct Survey to analyse the depth, existing Utilities ( like GAS Pipeline, Water Pipelines, Electrical cables, Existing Fiber lines, Telephone lines or other utilities. Because during fiber Laying none of these services or utilities should be disturbed or cut off.If there are any Govt. Utilities on the route like Forest, Railway line, Road, bridge or any other Government services then it is very important to take NOC from them before start Laying Fiber on those area.
Once route is finalized and approved by Authorities, need to start HDD to Laying the HDPE pipe.
HDD–Outdoor Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) or Trench-less Digging to be used for making boring of 50mm/75mm bore sizes to install 40 mm PLB HDPE pipe to laying Fibre and depth of boring should be 1.65 Mtr. to 2 Mtr. from the road side, Making horizontal bores, pulling PLB HDPE pipe.
Need to identifies and finalized the points where ODF where will installed from this fibre will be split and distributed till ONTs.
Once HDD and HDPE pipe (Duct) laying is completed then start pulling Fibre till all ODF and from ODF to ONTs.
Then ONT will be installed at user end and from ONT all services will be delivered.
OLT will be installed in Data-centre which is connected with Core Switch to get access of Voice, video, Data and Internet.
How GPON Works.
GPON is used to connect end user with Data centre over fibre to get high speed internet and Intranet services. GPON is the technology where we get single to multi-fiber services.
Below is high level explanation of traffic flow over GPON Network:
- The Optical Line Terminal connected with Core switch in Data Centre and OLT is first starting point of GPON Network.
- The signal travels from OLT to ODF via passive Fibre and reaching the passive slitter at the end. A GPON fibre network can reach distances up to 20 km.
- The passive GPON splitter receives the optical signal from OLT and splits it into multiple signals to sent further to ONT / ONUs.
- Finally, the splitted optical signals reach individual GPON ONT/ONU devices that are installed at the premise (I.e. FTTC, FTTB, FTTH, Poles). This is the terminating point of GPON and enables the conversion of optical data signal into an electrical signal.
- ONT also sent upstream traffic from the GPON ONT/GPON ONU to the OLT.
FAQ
What is Full form of GPON
GPON Stands for Gigabit Passive Optical network
What is difference Between OLT and ONT
OLT stands for Optical Line Terminal where all ISP services connected and OLT installed at data Centre. Also OLT is starting point of GPON Network. Whereas ONT stands for Optical Network terminal where end user connected and get access of Voice, Video, Data and telephony services. ONT is last mile component of GPON Network
Is GPON and SDWAN Same
No, GPON and SDWAN both are different technology. GPON does not required any Internet connectivity as it is passive network connectivity but in SDWAN is purely WAN technology.
What are all GPON topology
GPON can be design and Implemented in multiple design like Star, Ring. But Ring topology is best and most adopted technology. In Ring technology we will best best redundancy as it will connected with two different end to complete the Ring. So if any path or link is down then traffic will be routed with other side.
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